A Study on Cyclone Aila Recovery in Koyra, Bangladesh: Evaluating the Inclusiveness of Recovery with Respect to Predisaster Vulnerability Reduction

Md. Shibly Sadik; Hajime Nakagawa; Rezaur Rahman; Rajib Shaw; Kenji Kawaike; Kumiko Fujita

doi:10.1007/s13753-018-0166-9

Article Contents

Article Navigation > International Journal of Disaster Risk Science > 2018 > 9(1): 28-43

Md. Shibly Sadik, Hajime Nakagawa, Rezaur Rahman, Rajib Shaw, Kenji Kawaike, Kumiko Fujita. A Study on Cyclone Aila Recovery in Koyra, Bangladesh: Evaluating the Inclusiveness of Recovery with Respect to Predisaster Vulnerability Reduction[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2018, 9(1): 28-43. doi: 10.1007/s13753-018-0166-9

Citation:

Md. Shibly Sadik, Hajime Nakagawa, Rezaur Rahman, Rajib Shaw, Kenji Kawaike, Kumiko Fujita. A Study on Cyclone Aila Recovery in Koyra, Bangladesh: Evaluating the Inclusiveness of Recovery with Respect to Predisaster Vulnerability Reduction[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2018, 9(1): 28-43. doi: 10.1007/s13753-018-0166-9

Citation:

Md. Shibly Sadik, Hajime Nakagawa, Rezaur Rahman, Rajib Shaw, Kenji Kawaike, Kumiko Fujita. A Study on Cyclone Aila Recovery in Koyra, Bangladesh: Evaluating the Inclusiveness of Recovery with Respect to Predisaster Vulnerability Reduction[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2018, 9(1): 28-43. doi: 10.1007/s13753-018-0166-9

PDF

A Study on Cyclone Aila Recovery in Koyra, Bangladesh: Evaluating the Inclusiveness of Recovery with Respect to Predisaster Vulnerability Reduction

doi: 10.1007/s13753-018-0166-9

1 Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoko-oji, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8235, Japan;
2 Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services(CEGIS), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
3 Disaster Prevention Research Institute(DPRI), Kyoto University, Yoko-oji, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8235, Japan;
4 Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
5 Graduate School of Media and Governance, Shonan Fujisawa Campus(SFC), Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan

Funds:

The first author of this article is the recipient of a Japan Government scholarship (MEXT). This academic research was a part of a collaborative research project (SATREP) between Bangladesh and the Japan Government funded by JST-JICA for whose support the authors wish to express their thanks and appreciation.

Available Online: 2021-04-26

Abstract

Abstract

The need to consider disaster risk reduction at the time of recovery is well-recognized. Viable disaster risk reduction measures should resolve the root causes of predisaster vulnerabilities. Accordingly, we investigated the recovery from the impact of Cyclone Aila in Koyra Upazila, Bangladesh, which was severely damaged by this 2009 cyclone. Our research focused on understanding pre-Aila vulnerabilities to cyclone impact and examined the degree of inclusion of vulnerability reduction measures within the recovery process. A composite methodology that included an institutional survey, key informant interviews, collection of the judgment of experts, focus group discussions, and a score-based quantification technique was adopted. Through a process of understanding pre-Aila vulnerabilities, recognition of the root causes of these inherent weaknesses, and identification of appropriate measures for pre-Aila vulnerability reduction, a set of 23 indicators were selected to represent the most desirable vulnerability reduction measures to implement during recovery. A score-based technique was applied to measure the degree of inclusion of vulnerability reduction within the recovery with respect to the indicators. The scoring result shows that the degree of inclusion of vulnerability reduction within the recovery was poor. The result specifies that among the 23 indicators of potential vulnerability reduction measures, 10 are completely missing and the rest are only partially included. The overall findings imply that the Koyra community continues to live with a vulnerability similar to that of the pre-Aila period.
- Bangladesh,
- Cyclone Aila,
- Diagnostic analysis,
- Disaster risk reduction,
- Post-disaster reconstruction

FullText(HTML)

References(57)

References

Abdullah, A.N.M, K.K. Zander, B. Myers, N. Stacy, and S.T. Garnett. 2016. A short-term decrease in household income inequality in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh, following Cyclone Aila. Natural Hazards 83(2): 1103–1123.

Ahmed, B., I. Kelman, H. Fehr, and M. Saha. 2016. Community resilience to cyclone disasters in coastal Bangladesh. Sustainability 8(8): Article 805

Aitsi-Selmi, A., V. Murray, C. Wannous, C. Dickinson, D. Johnston, A. Kawasaki, A. Stevance, and T. Yeung. 2016. Reflections on a science and technology agenda for 21st century disaster risk reduction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 7(1): 1–29.

Akhand, M.H. 2003. Disaster management and cyclone warning system in Bangladesh. In Early warning systems for natural disaster reduction, ed. J. Zschau, and A.N. Kuppers, 49–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Alam, E., and A.E. Collins. 2010. Cyclone disaster vulnerability and response experiences in coastal Bangladesh. Disasters 34(4): 931–954.

Ashraf, M.A., and S.B. Shaha. 2016. Achieving community resilience: Case study of Cyclone Aila affected coastal Bangladesh. International Journal of Social Work and Human Services 4(2): 33–41.

Awal, M.A. 2015. Vulnerability to disaster: Pressure and release model for climate change hazards in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Protection 2(2): 15–21.

Chhotray, V., and R. Few. 2012. Post-disaster recovery and ongoing vulnerability: Ten years after the super-cyclone of 1999 in Orissa, India. Global Environmental Change 22(3): 695–702.

Contreras, D. 2016. Fuzzy boundaries between post-disaster phases: The case of L’Aquila, Italy. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 7(3): 277–292.

Dewan, C., M.-C. Buisson, and A. Mukherji. 2014. The imposition of participation? The case of participatory water management in coastal Bangladesh. Water Alternatives 7(2): 342–366.

Dewan, C., A. Mukherji, and M.C. Buisson. 2015. Evolution of water management in coastal Bangladesh: From temporary earthen embankments to depoliticized community-managed polders. Water International 40(3): 401–416.

DMB-MFDM (Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Food and Disaster Management). 2010. National plan for disaster management 2010–2015. Dhaka: Disaster Management Bureau, Disaster Management and Relief Division, Ministry of Food and Disaster Management. https://goo.gl/njSVwM. Accessed 2 Mar 2018.

ECHO (European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations). 2009. In-depth recovery needs assessment of Cyclone Aila affected areas. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Reliefweb. https://goo.gl/Hkq4Cy. Accessed 2 Mar 2018.

Edquist, C. 2011. Design of innovation policy through diagnostic analysis: Identification of systemic problems (or failures). Industrial and Corporate Change 20(6): 1725–1753.

EKN and UNDP (The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and United Nations Development Programme). 2015. Final narrative report of building community resilience through Integrated Water Management (IWM) project in Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh: The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and United Nations Development Programme. https://goo.gl/JjXrkQ. Accessed 2 Mar 2018.

Gain, A.K., and M. Schwab. 2012. An assessment of water governance trends: The case of Bangladesh. Water Policy 14(5): 821–840.

Gain, A.K., V. Mojtahed, C. Biscaro, S. Balbi, and C. Giupponi. 2015. An integrated approach of flood risk assessment in the eastern part of Dhaka city. Natural Hazards 79(3): 1499–1530.

Gain, A., M. Mondal, and R. Rahman. 2017. From flood control to water management: A journey of Bangladesh towards integrated water resources management. Water 9(1): Article 55.

Giupponi, C., V. Mojtahed, A.K. Gain, C. Biscaro, and S. Balbi. 2015. Integrated risk assessment of water-related disasters. In Hydro-meteorological hazards, risks and disasters, ed. P. Paron, G.D. Baldassarre, and J.F. Shroder Jr, 163–200. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.

Goodman, L.A. 1961. Snowball sampling. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 32(1): 148–170.

Haque, U., M. Hashizume, K.N. Kolivras, H.J. Overgaard, B. Das, and T. Yamamoto. 2012. Reduced death rates from cyclones in Bangladesh: What more needs to be done? Bulletin of the World Health Organization 90(2): 150–156.

Hossen, H. 2016. Aila damage has not been recovered in seven years (আইলার ক্ষতি কাটিয়ে উঠা যায়নি সাত বছরেও). Bangla Tribune (বাংলা ট্রিবিউন), 25 May 2016. https://goo.gl/88HNwS. Accessed 5 Mar 2018 (in Bangla).

IASC (Inter-Agency Standing Committee). 2012. Reference module for cluster coordination at country level. https://goo.gl/C7CpdO. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

IFNet. 2009. Report: Cyclone Aila, May 2009—IFNet flood information 2009. http://www.internationalfloodnetwork.org/aila.htm. Accessed 14 Dec 2016.

IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies). 2010. Final report: Bangladesh Cyclone Aila, emergency appeal No. MDRBD004. Dhaka, Bangladesh: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. http://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/09/MDRBD004fr.pdf. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

Independent, The. 2016. Aila victims still suffer. The Independent, 25 May 2016. http://www.theindependentbd.com/arcprint/details/44901/2016-05-25. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

IOM (International Organization for Migration). 2010. Joint position paper on: Cyclone Aila: Priorities for action. Dhaka, Bangladesh: International Organization for Migration. http://www.lcgbangladesh.org/derweb/Needs%20Assessment/Reports/Aila_UN_AssessmentFramework_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

Islam, M.R., and M. Hasan. 2016. Climate-induced human displacement: A case study of Cyclone Aila in the south-west coastal region of Bangladesh. Natural Hazards 81(2): 1051–1071.

Islam, R., and G. Walkerden. 2015. How do links between households and NGOs promote disaster resilience and recovery? A case study of linking social networks on the Bangladeshi coast. Natural Hazards 78(3): 1707–1727.

Islam, R., and G. Walkerden. 2017. Social networks and challenges in government disaster policies: A case study from Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 22: 325–334.

JICA and OCCL (Japan International Cooperation Agency and Oriental Consultants Co. Ltd). 2012. Final report: Data collection survey on strengthening of disaster tolerance in cyclone affected area. https://goo.gl/hh5PCR. Accessed 15 Dec 2016.

Koyra Upazila Nirbahi Officer’s Office. 2010. At a glance of the Cyclone Aila damage assessment report of Koyra Upazila (এক নজরে কয়রায় ঘূর্ণিঝড় "আইলায়" ক্ষয়ক্ষতির বিবরন). Upazila Nirbahi Office, Koyra Upazila (in Bangla).

LGED (Local Government Engineering Department). 2016. Web-based database of project monitoring. Bangladesh: Local Government Engineering Department, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperative, the Government of the People Republic of Bangladesh. http://www.lged.gov.bd/ProjectMonitoring.aspx. Accessed 13 Jan 2017.

Mahmud, T., and M. Prowse. 2012. Corruption in cyclone preparedness and relief efforts in coastal Bangladesh: Lessons for climate adaptation? Global Environmental Change 22(4): 933–943.

Mallick, B., B. Ahmed, and J. Vogt. 2017. Living with the risks of cyclone disasters in the south-western coastal region of Bangladesh. Environments 4(1): Article 13.

Mallick, B., K.R. Rahaman, and J. Vogt. 2011. Coastal livelihood and physical infrastructure in Bangladesh after Cyclone Aila. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 16(6): 629–648.

Mallick, B., and J. Vogt. 2014. Population displacement after cyclone and its consequences: Empirical evidence from coastal Bangladesh. Natural Hazards 73(2): 191–212.

Mallick, F., and A. Islam. 2014. Post-Aila community recovery innovations and planning. In Disaster recovery: Used or missused development opportunity, disaster risk reduction, ed. R. Shaw, 241–64. Tokyo: Springer.

Nakagawa, Y., and R. Shaw. 2004. Social capital: A missing link to disaster recovery. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 22(1): 5–34.

New Age. 2016. Seven years of Aila: 3,500 affected people still on embankments: Greens. Dhaka, Bangladesh: New Age, Media New Age Ltd. http://archive.newagebd.net/231784/7-years-of-aila/. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2008. Handbook on constructing composite indicators: Methodology and user guide. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd.org/std/42495745.pdf. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

Parvin, G.A., and R. Shaw. 2013. Microfinance institutions and a coastal community’s disaster risk reduction, response, and recovery process: A case study of Hatiya, Bangladesh. Disasters 37(1): 165–184.

Paul, B.K., and S. Dutt. 2010. Hazard warnings and responses to evacuation orders: The case of Bangladesh’s Cyclone Sidr. Geographical Review 100(3): 336–355.

Rahaman, M.M., and N.A. Khan. 2010. The realities of aid harmonisation and aid effectiveness: Views from Bangladesh. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration 32(1): 107–122.

Roy, K., U. Kumar, H. Mehedi, T. Sultana, and D.M. Ershad. 2009. Cyclone Aila 25 May 2009 initial assessment report with focus on Khulna District. Khulna, Bangladesh: Unnayan Onneshan, Humanity Watch, Nijera Kori. https://goo.gl/KYime1. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

Sadik, M.S., H. Nakagawa, M.R. Rahman, R. Shaw, K. Kawaike, K. Fujita, and S.M. Tariqul Islam. 2017. Systematic study of Cyclone Aila recovery efforts in Koyra, Bangladesh highlighting the possible contribution to vulnerability reduction. Journal of Japan Society for Natural Disaster Science 36(Special Issue): 107–119.

Sadik, M.S., H. Nakagawa, R. Shaw, M.R. Rahman, K. Kawaike, and K. Fujita. 2017. A study on the humanitarian aid driven Cyclone Aila (2009) recovery in Koyra Upazila of Bangladesh. Annuals of Disaster Prevention Research Institute 60B. Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University: 746–756. https://goo.gl/pqhnPf. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

Saha, C.K. 2015. Dynamics of disaster-induced risk in southwestern coastal Bangladesh: An analysis on tropical Cyclone Aila 2009. Natural Hazards 75(1): 727–754.

Saha, S.K., and H. James. 2016. Reasons for non-compliance with cyclone evacuation orders in Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 21: 196–204.

Shah Alam Khan, M. 2008. Disaster preparedness for sustainable development in Bangladesh. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 17(5): 662–671.

Tada, S. 2011. Issues for effective international assistance for post-disaster reconstruction: The case of Cyclone Aila in south-western Bangladesh. Working paper series, Vol. GSIR2011-1. Graduate School of International Relations, Ritsumei University. https://goo.gl/gZYTTF. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2010. Cyclone Aila—Joint UN multi-sector assessment and response framework. Dhaka, Bangladesh: United Nations Development Programme. https://goo.gl/CFTQS2. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2011. Project document: Early Recovery Facility (ERF). Dhaka, Bangladesh: United Nations Development Program.

UNDP, EKN, AusAid, and SDC (United Nations Development Programme, The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, AusAid, and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation). 2013. Early Recovery Facility (ERF) project annual progress report 2013. Dhaka, Bangladesh: United Nations Development Program.

Walton-Ellery, S. 2009. A review of the Cyclone Aila response 2009. Dhaka: IFRC-led Shelter Cluster Coordination Group. https://goo.gl/s8vRqn. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

Wisner, B., P. Blaikie, T. Cannon, and I. Davis. 2004. At risk: Natural hazards, people’s vulnerability, and disasters, 2nd edn. New York: Routledge.

World Bank. 2013. Project paper on a proposed additional credit for emergency 2007 cyclone recovery and restoration project additional financing Ⅱ. Dhaka, Bangladesh: World Bank. https://goo.gl/g4GpNj. Accessed 5 Mar 2018.

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views